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====Historical Background of the Samurai====

The samurai rose to prominence in Japan gradually during the twelfth century AD, making themselves known when they helped to repulse the Mongols in the thirteenth century. Before the Mongols attempted their amphibious invasion of Japan, a highly militarized government took power in the Japanese city of Kamakura that established a <i>bakufu</i> or shogunate. The Kamakura shogunate defeated all but one other power in Japan by giving special concessions to the <i>buke</i> or warrior class during the Gempei War (1180-1185). The result was Japan’s first military government based in Kamakura, although the shogunate never ruled over a unified Japan. <ref> Mass, Jeffrey P. “Kamakura Bakufu.” <i>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0521484049/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0521484049&linkCode=as2&tag=dailyh0c-20&linkId=d03742615977e1c8e7d5b647be9981f9 Warrior Rule in Japan].</i> Edited by Marius B. Jansen. (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pgs. 1-4</ref>