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Claudius was born in 10 BC in Gaul, to Drusus and his wife Antonia, his grandfather was Mark Anthony , and his grandmother was Augustus 's influential third wife. Therefore, he was a member of the Julian-Claudian dynasty. His father, the older brother of Tiberius, died in Germany. As Claudius grew it became clear that he had some form of disability, which angered his mother Antonia and she passed him to his grandmother Livia .<ref>Lewick, Barbara Claudius (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990), p 11</ref>. It appears appeared that he was slightly deaf, had a limp and had some developmental deficitsdelays. It has been speculated that he suffered from Cerebral Palsy or Tourette’s Syndrome. Claudius condition improved somewhat in his teenage years , and he proved to be a capable scholar . <ref> Tacitus, Annals of Imperial Rome, book vi, 34</ref>.  The great Roman historian Livy was appointed his tutor and Claudius was to prove a capable historian, who later wrote many histories which are now sadly lost. His intellectual abilities did not lead him to become a public figure despite being a member of the Imperial family. However, his disabilities probably saved him from execution and exile like unlike so many other members of his family during Tiberius’ reign. However, the accession of Caligula meant that Claudius was thrust into public life as a consul.  However, Caligula had contempt for Claudius , and he openly mocked and ridiculed him. The brutality and erratic behavior of Caligula led to his assassination by the Praetorian Guard. After they had killed the Emperor Caligula, they did not know how to proceed and in desperation, they appointed Claudius as the successor of Caligula, as because he was one of the last living members of the Julian-Claudian dynasty. Suetonius called his assumption of the Imperial dignity ‘ a freak of fortune’ <ref> Suetonius, <i>Life of Claudius</i>, 17</ref>.  Claudius pardoned all the killers of his predecessor and secured the grudging support of the Senate, who appeared to have been cowed by the Praetorian Guard. To the surprise of many, he proved to be an energetic ruler and was not the puppet of the Imperial guard. In 44 AD he , Claudius ordered the invasion of Britain , and he personally visited the battlefront.  He was also very interested in the administration of the Empire , and he made some important critical changes to the bureaucracy , and even his detractors noted that his administration was efficient. Claudius was a great builder , and he was especially primarily concerned with the food supply of for Rome and Italy. He rebuilt the port of Ostia, vital for food imports and began to drain the Fucine lake, to increase arable land in central Italy but it was only a partial success.  Claudius was a complex man who despite his intellectual labors, loves loved gambling and the games and under his reign, the . The games became even more lavish and spectacular. Claudius was the subject of several plots which led to the execution of several senators, despite his wish to be on good terms with the senatorial class. Claudius married his first cousin Valeria Messalina , but she proved unfaithful, according to the ancient sources and even bigamously married one of her many lovers. The couple conspired against Claudius , and he had them executed.  He later married his niece Agrippina the Younger <ref> Tacitus, book vii, 45</ref>. It is widely believed that she She had an enormous influence over Claudius and even persuaded him to appoint her son Nero, to the position of co-Emperor with his son, Britannicus. It is widely believed that Agrippina the Younger most likely had Claudius poisoned. He According to Tacitus, Claudius was succeeded by his step-son Nero who later probably then murdered his Claudius' son Britannicus, according to Tacitus . <ref> Tacitus, book vii, 15</ref>.