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===The End of the Eleventh Dynasty===

The details of the end of the Eleventh Dynasty are still a mystery to modern scholars. The Turin Canon king-list does not mention the name of the dynasty’s final king, but does give a period of seven years, which would place his, or their, reign from about 1992-1985 BC. The name of a king named Mentuhotep IV is known from a few inscriptions, but it remains unknown if he filled the entire seven years before Amenemhat I (reigned 1985-1955) became the first king of the Twelfth Dynasty, or if he shared that short period with other kings. <ref>Grajetzki, p. 25</ref> The end of the Eleventh Dynasty is historically important when one considers that Egypt had just emerged from a civil war. If Mentuhotep II would not have brought stability back to the state, the Middle Kingdom could have collapsed before it really began. Instead, the state not only survived but prospered tremendously during the Twelfth Dynasty. One of the few texts associated with Mentuhotep IV is an account of a quarrying expedition led by a prince named Amenemhat, who is believed to be the same Amenemhat who became the first king of the Twelfth Dynasty.