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The second world war (1939-1945) was possibly the most destructive war in human history. It is believed that between 35 and 50 million people died in the conflict.<ref> Bell, P. M. H. (1986). ''The Origins of the Second World War in Europe''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 326.</ref> There are many causes for this conflict, including nationalism and the failure of the League of Nations, but ultimately the primary cause of the greatest conflict in human history was Nazi ideology and policies.