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→Some Types of Creation Myths
Creation myths can be found in many regions and, in fact, are probably the most common form of myth. Creation myths were likely evident in very early cultures around the world as they would have been likely told as oral stories that would be passed from one generation to another. Because creation myths are oral stories, these stories probably have changed numerous times and many different versions often exist for any one culture. Among early literate societies in the Middle East, creation myths appear early in ancient texts. One of the best known is <i>Enûma Eliš</i>, which is a myth that describes humans as made to serve the gods as gods wanted to be relieved from their work. The creation story does not put humans at the center but rather the main story is the triumph of the god Marduk is his struggle with Tiamat. After this struggle, the world order fell in place, with Marduk as supreme god and the hierarchy of power in the cosmos was established, with Marduk as head. This myth is similar to others that also tell of the cosmos as being born our of chaos. In ancient Chinese cultures, Pangu was seen as a creation being that created the world out of a chaotic form. Initially, everything was in an egg-shaped universe that became separated by Pangu and he created the earth, separating the balance of the cosmos and life, Ying and Yang. Creation from chaos is perhaps the most common form of creation. Another example is from Siberia, where Buga set fire to an ocean that created land and see and he also create light and darkness by separating the two. The god fought Buninka, an evil god, to create mankind. Similar to other traditions, man was made from earth, while other elements, such as fire, iron, and water made up the rest of the world. In ancient Greek mythology, the universe was chaotic and Gaia, representing the Earth, emerges out of this. Uranus is born from Gaia, who then impregnates her and she gives birth to the Titans. Prometheus, one of the Titans, creates humans, and similar to other Mediterranean-based mythologies, uses dirt or clay to make humans.
While many creation myths in the Old World that deal with the creation of the world and even humans often use chaos as part of the story, in the New World creation is often based on birth from a mythical being. The goddess Coatlicue is a goddess who gave birth to Huitzilopochtli, who himself was a god of war and killed conspiring gods, including one to create the moon by throwing the gods head into the sky. In Hawaiian mythology, Kumulipo represents creation of the universe where each cosmic night a different being or entity is born. Humans and other creatures are born over a given night. Some Old World mythologies also emphasize births as part of creation. In the Heliopolis creation myth from Egypt, Shu and Tefnut give birth to the earth and sky gods that then give rise to Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys, which create the foundations for life. Atum, however, is the initial god that enabled the multiplicity of elements that made life possible and even other gods. In Cherokee and some Native American mythology, the Earth was seenas a great floating island where life spread. The first humans created were broth and sister and,initially, they had children every seven days. But this led the world to be overpopulated, so birth was restricted to one per year. The Earth island attracted all sorts of life as the soil became dry and life began to fly down or go down to enjoy living on the island.
==Key Themes==
