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==Summary==
Tariffs have long been seen as part of the normal operation of business. For most of history, tariffs were high, often leading to global trade involving a relatively small percentage of goods. In the early 19th century, increasingly tariffs were reduced in Europe and North America, but from the late 19th century the reverse became true. This trend continued until after World War II. Since that time, low tariffs have been seen as a key way to foster a more integrated economic system and one that could promote peace through closer trade cooperation. However, there has been a lot of controversy, as increasingly globalized trade is seen as producing environmental harm, weakened manufacturing and some service parts of economies, and has also forced countries to adopt economic policies they may not initially want.
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